When searching for a rental property in Japan, you may come across a host of abbreviations and technical phrases—such as “1K,” “RC construction,” “2 months’ deposit,” “south-facing,” or “free rent available.” At first glance, these terms can be confusing, especially for first-time renters or non-native Japanese speakers.

For international residents or those unfamiliar with Japanese real estate conventions, it’s not uncommon to wonder, “What does this actually mean?” or “Is this a good deal—or a potential red flag?”

This article offers a clear breakdown of frequently used property terms, along with helpful insights and cautionary tips. By understanding the language of the market, you can make more informed, confident decisions—and avoid costly misunderstandings.

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【Key Terms: Floor Plans & Residential Layouts】

◯ Studio Apartment

→ A single-room layout that includes the kitchen within the main living area.
→ No partitions or doors divide the space, making it the most compact type of floor plan.
※ While limited in size, studio units tend to offer more affordable rent.

◯ 1K／1DK／1LDK

• 1K: One room plus a separate kitchen (K). The kitchen is partitioned from the main living space with a door—ideal for compact, private living.

• 1DK: One room plus a dining kitchen (DK). The kitchen-dining area is larger, typically 6 tatami mats (approx. 10 m²) or more—offering a more spacious feel.

• 1LDK: One bedroom plus a living, dining, and kitchen space (LDK). Well-suited for couples or professionals working from home, offering both function and comfort.

💡 These layouts are labeled using the initials K (Kitchen), D (Dining), and L (Living), combined with the number of bedrooms.

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【Key Terms: Building Structure & Residential Features】

◯ RC (Reinforced Concrete Construction)

→ Built using reinforced steel and concrete, this structure offers excellent sound insulation and seismic resistance.
→ Typically, rental costs are slightly higher than wood-frame properties due to enhanced durability and privacy.

◯ S (Steel Frame Construction)

→Constructed with a steel framework. While not as robust as RC, it provides greater strength than wood construction.

◯ W (Wooden Construction)

→ Built primarily from timber. While generally more affordable, it may offer less insulation from noise and lower fire resistance.

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【Key Terms: Rent & Financial Obligations】

◯ Security Deposit (Shikikin)

→ A refundable deposit paid at the start of a lease. It is used to cover restoration or repair costs upon move-out, with the remainder returned to the tenant.
→ Typically equivalent to one to two months’ rent.

◯ Key Money (Reikin)

→ A non-refundable payment made as a “gesture of appreciation” to the landlord.
→ Increasingly, properties labeled “No Key Money” are becoming common.

◯ Common Area/Management Fees

→ Monthly fees paid separately from rent, covering maintenance of shared areas such as hallways, elevators, and garbage facilities.

◯ Free Rent Period

→ A promotional period—such as one month—during which no rent is charged.
→ While this reduces upfront costs, some contracts impose penalties if the tenant leaves within a certain timeframe.

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【Key Terms: Orientation & Natural Light Exposure】

◯ South-Facing

→ Units with balconies or windows facing south. Highly sought-after for their abundant natural light throughout the day.

◯ East-Facing

→ Morning sunlight enters these units—ideal for early risers and morning-focused lifestyles.

◯ West-Facing

→ Receives strong afternoon sun. Can become warmer during summer months.

◯ North-Facing

 Receives the least direct sunlight, resulting in a cooler, more serene interior atmosphere.
→ Often more affordable compared to other orientations.

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【Key Terms: Location & Building Floor Levels】

◯ Walking Distance from Station

→ Indicates the time it takes to walk from the nearest train station to the property. In Japan, one minute equates to approximately 80 meters.
※ Note: This does not account for traffic lights, slopes, or walking conditions.

◯ Top Floor Unit

→ Located on the highest level of the building, offering quieter surroundings and enhanced views.
→ May be warmer in summer, so insulation and air conditioning efficiency should be considered.

◯ Corner Unit

→ Positioned at the edge of the building, usually with more windows and improved ventilation. Quieter and more private.
→ Often in higher demand, and may command slightly higher rent.

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【Key Terms: Lease Agreements & Contractual Considerations】

◯ Renewal Fee

→ A fee required when extending a lease beyond its initial term (typically two years).
→ The standard rate is approximately one month’s rent, though some regions may waive it.

◯ Termination Notice

→ Tenants must notify the landlord—typically at least one month in advance—when ending a lease.
→ Failure to give notice in time may result in an additional month’s rent being charged.

◯ Restoration to Original Condition

→ Upon vacating the unit, the tenant is expected to return the space to its original state.
→ Normal wear and tear from everyday use is generally not the tenant’s financial responsibility.

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【Other Common Property Terms】

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Understanding Terminology Transforms the Property Search

Even when a rental property appears to meet your expectations, not fully understanding the terminology can lead to surprises—or mismatches—after viewing or signing.

The terms introduced here represent the essential vocabulary of rental property selection. By understanding the language used by real estate professionals and listing platforms, you’ll be better equipped to navigate the market efficiently and find a property that truly fits your needs.

And remember: when you encounter unfamiliar terms, asking questions is not only acceptable—it’s the first step toward renting with clarity and confidence.